Joint Assessment of Intended and Unintended Effects of Medications: An Example Using Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitors for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Clinical Study Joint Assessment of Intended and Unintended Effects of Medications: An Example Using Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitors for Neovascular Age-RelatedMacular Degeneration

Aflibercept for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can have devastating effects on vision, especially in its neovascular form. In the last decade, the use of intravitreal pharmacotherapy targeted to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has significantly improved the visual outcomes in patients with neovascular AMD. Although we have become accustomed to these unprecedented improvement outcomes, maintai...

Effects of Vitreomacular Adhesion on Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Herein, we review the association between vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Meta-analyses have shown that eyes with neovascular AMD are twice as likely to have VMA as normal eyes. VMA in neovascular AMD may induce inflammation, macular traction, decrease in oxygenation, sequestering of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and other cytoki...

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors and Their Inhibitors in Ocular Neovascular Disorders

The introduction of pharmacotherapy has been one of the most important advances in the management of retinal disorders. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was once considered as an irrepressible disease leading to permanent macular damage, however anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents are now believed to halt the progression of the condition and improve vision in a cons...

Pegaptanib for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration.

Although neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) only accounts for 10-20% of all AMD, the majority (about 90%) of severe vision loss associated with AMD is due to this form. Results from recent studies have implied that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), particularly VEGF(165), plays a predominant role in the development of ocular neovascularization and vascular leakage...